Bearings are a key element of the crank-piston system in a combustion engine, ensuring its durability, efficiency and operational safety. Their proper maintenance and replacement are essential to maintaining high engine performance and reliability.

Bearing functions:

• Friction reduction: Bearings ensure smooth movement of pistons in cylinders by reducing friction between the crankshaft and connecting rod.
• Crankshaft Protection: Protects the crankshaft from direct contact with the connecting rods, minimizing wear and ensuring long-term durability.
• Noise reduction: Thanks to their design, the bearings absorb vibrations and noise resulting from the movement of the pistons and crankshaft.
• Oil Conduction: The bushings have channels or grooves that allow lubricating oil to flow, which is necessary to lubricate the contact surfaces.

Types of bearings:

• Main (head) bearings: They are installed in the main bearings of the crankshaft, which are mounted in the engine block. They are responsible for the support and stability of the entire crankshaft.
• Connecting rod (sliding) bearings: They are located between the connecting rod and the crankshaft. They provide direct support for the movement of pistons in cylinders.

Construction of bearings:

• Material: They are usually made of high-quality metal, such as a bimetallic or composite steel alloy, that can withstand high loads and wear.
• Contact surfaces: Specially finished bearing surfaces ensure minimal friction and adequate lubrication.
• Oil Channels: The bushings have channels or grooves that allow lubricating oil to flow, ensuring proper lubrication and cooling.
• The importance of bearings for engine performance: Durability: Properly selected and properly installed bearings are crucial to the durability of the engine, ensuring minimum wear and maximum efficiency.
• Safety: By ensuring the proper operation of the crank-piston system, the bearings contribute to the safe operation of the engine.
• Efficiency: By minimizing friction, bearings help increase engine efficiency, which can impact fuel economy and performance.

Maintenance and replacement of bearings:

• Regular Inspection: During routine engine maintenance, the bearings should be regularly inspected for wear, looseness or damage.
• Replacement: If necessary, for example due to high wear or damage, the bearings should be replaced with new ones. This requires the right tool and experience.
• Compliance with standards: When replacing bearings, follow the manufacturer's recommendations for materials, dimensions and technical specifications to ensure proper engine operation.