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Electrical system
The electrical system is essential to the proper operation of the tractor, providing power, lighting and monitoring systems. Regular maintenance of the electrical system is crucial to the reliability and efficiency of tractor operation, which translates into operator safety and comfort and the efficiency of agricultural operations.
Main parts of the electrical system:
- Battery: Powers the entire electrical system of the tractor, providing energy to the starter motor and other systems when the engine is turned off.
- Alternator: Charges the battery while the engine is running and supplies electricity to the tractor's systems.
- Starter: An electric motor used to start the main engine of a tractor.
- Relays and fuses: They protect the electrical system against overloads and short circuits by securing individual circuits.
- Instrument panel (control panel): Contains indicators, switches and lights that inform the operator about the status of the tractor.
- Lighting: Front lights, rear lights, turn signals, work lights and emergency lights that ensure visibility and safety when working in various conditions.
- Wires and Connectors: The network of wires that connect all the components of an electrical system, ensuring the flow of electricity.
- Sensors and control modules: Monitor various tractor operating parameters (e.g. engine temperature, fuel level, rotational speed) and transmit information to the dashboard.
Electrical system functions:
- Starting the engine: The starter motor, powered by the battery, turns the engine so that it can start.
- Battery Charging: The alternator converts mechanical energy from the engine into electrical energy, which charges the battery.
- Lighting and signaling: Provides illumination of the road and work area, and also signals the operator's intentions (e.g. changing direction).
- Powering Auxiliary Systems: Powers various auxiliary systems such as air conditioning, radio, agricultural implement controls.
- Tractor condition monitoring: Sensors send data about the tractor's technical condition to the dashboard, informing the operator about the need for action (e.g. temperature control, oil level).
Maintenance of the electrical system:
- Regularly checking the battery condition: Checking the voltage and charge level, cleaning the battery terminals.
- Checking the Alternator: Make sure the alternator is charging the battery properly.
- Inspection of cables and connectors: Regularly checking the condition of cables and connectors, removing corrosion, repairing damage.
- Replacing fuses and relays: Replace damaged fuses and relays if necessary.
- Lighting maintenance: Checking the condition of bulbs, cleaning headlights, replacing damaged elements.